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P. MESIOK 8a A. E. AYER.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Dec. 9, 1890.

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Patented Deo.9,1890.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3. P. MESIOK & A. E. AYE-R.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

Patented Dec. 9, 1890.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

P. MESIOK & A. E. AYER.

TYPE WRITING MAGHINE No. 442,323. Patented Dec. 9, 1890.

IT N'ESSESQ' 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

Patented Dec. 9

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(No Model.)

P. MESIGK 81; A. E. AYER.

TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

Nrrn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PE"ER M ISIOK, OF STUYVESANT, NEW YORK, AND ALBERT E. AYER, OF

BOSTON, MASSAOI'IUSE'I TS, ASSIGNORS TO EIZABEdI I'I. MESICK, OF STUY-YESANT, NEW YO RK.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 442,323, dated December9, 1890.

Application filed March 4, 1890.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, PETER MESICK, of Stuyvesant, in the county ofColumbia, State of New York, and ALBERT E. ASTER, of Boston, in thecounty of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain newand usef ul Improvements in Type-iVritin g Machines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates, chiefly, to typewriting machines of the class inwhich the paper is held on a carriage which is impelled longitudinallyby a suitable motor when released by the depression of the type-keys andspacing devices, said carriage having a papersupporting roll which isadapted to be rotated to move the paper forward after the printing ofeach line.

The invention has for its object to provide certain improvements intype-writing machines whereby the rapidity of operation, as comparedwith standard machines now in use, may be considerably increased withoutsacrificing simplicity and durabilityof construc tion and ease ofoperation.

To these ends the invention consists in the improvements, which we willnow proceed to describe and claim.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a a part of this specification,Figure l represents a rear elevation of the type-writing machineembodying our improvements. Fig. 2 represents a plan view of thekey-board, space-bars, and the space and key levers operated thereby,together with portions of the supporting-frame of the machine, variousparts which are of well-known construction being omitted for the sake ofsimplicity and clearness. Fig. 3 represents a vertical section on theplane of line 3 ofFig. 1. Fig. 4 represents a perspective viewof theescapementmechanism of the machine. Fig. 5 represents a plan view of thekey-board, showing a different arrangement of spacing devices from thoseshown in Fig. 2. Figs. 6 and 7 represent side views of the arrangementshown in Fig. 5. Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 represent top views of theescapement mechanism shown in Fig. i, said mechanism being shown indifferent positions. Fig. 12 represents a Serial No. 342,679. (Nomodel.)

plan view of a portion of the machine, showing the paper-carriage andits paper-supporting roll and our improved means for impelling thecarriage when it is released by the escapement. Fig. 13 represents asection on line 13 13 of Fig. 12. Fig. ll represents an end elevation ofthe parts shown in Fig. 12. Fig. 15 represents a modified form ofkeyboard.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all of thefigures.

In the drawings, F represents the frame of a type-writing machine, whichmay be of any suitable construction, and although we have shown theframe as of the general form of the well-known ealigraph machine, we donot limit ourselves to this form.

The pivoted type-levers B, which carry the types or printing charactersB at their swinging ends, may be arranged in any suitable manner, andthey are pivoted, as usual, to the frame of the machine, said leversbeing arranged to present their types at a point common to all thelovers to the paper supported by the roll D of the paper-carriage.

The key-levers A, to which the type-keys hereinafter referred to areconnected, are mounted to oscillate on a stud or cross-bar E, attachedto the frame, and are connected, as usual, by rods with the type-levers.

The paper-carriage is mounted to move on guides on the frame and may beof any suitable construction. To said carriage is connected thehorizontal bar 2, the outer end of which is provided with ratchet-teeth,said bar and the devices hereinafter described co-opcrating with saidteeth, constituting the escapement of the carriage, whereby the carriageis moved step by step after the depression of the keys and space-bars,as hereinafter described.

Any suitable arrangement of impellingspring maybe employed to impel thecarriage endwise and give it the necessary spacing movements, the lengthof which is regulated by the escapement. We have shown and hereinafterdescribed the impellingspring as arranged in the paper-supporting 'rolland operating a quick-thread screw which gives the carriage itsendwise-feeding movement; but we do not desire to be understood aslimiting ourselves to said arrangement, as any of the well-knownarrangements of an impelling-spring to give the carriage its endwisemovements may be adopted without departing from the spirit of ourinvention.

The parts of the escapement that co-operate with the ratcheted bar 2 areas follows, viz: a dog 3, pivoted at 4 to a fixed ear or bracket on thesupporting-frame and having an arm 5; a secondary dog 6, pivoted at '7to the rear end of the dog 3 and arranged to swing both vertically withthe dog 3 and horizontally independently of said dog; a lever 8,

pivoted at 10 to the frame of the machine, and connected by a link 9 tothe arm 5; a hori zontally-movable stop or abutment 12, pivoted at 13 tothe supporting-frame, and having a series of faces 14, 15, and 16arranged to support the dog 6 at different distances from the dog 3,anda link 17, connecting the abutment 12 with the lever S. The lever 8is arranged to be moved forward in the direction indicated by the arrowin Fig. 4 by the depression of either of the type-keys orspace-barshereinafter referred to, and when so moved it depresses theratchet-engaging ends of the dogs 3 and 6, thus engaging the dog 3 withone of the teeth of the bar 2, and at the same time depressing the dog 6below said bar, the dog 6 being thereby released from the ratchetteeth,so that it is free to be drawn by a spring 18 against one of the facesof the abutment 12.

17 is a spring which holds the abutment 12 in its normal position (shownin Fig. at) until said abutment is thrown forward by the link 17.

18 is a spring which assists to quickly raise the dogs when the lever Sreturns to its normal position. (Shown in Fig. 4.) The lever 8 iscapable of being thrown forward at different distances by the operationof different type-keys and space-bars, one series of typekeys beingarranged by their depression to give the lever 8 its shortest movement,thereby causing said lever to hold the abutment 12 in position to causeits face 14 to support the dog 6, said dog being thus held at a distancefrom the dog 3 equal to the width of one tooth of the bar 2. \Vhen thedepressing-key or space-bar is released, a spring 19 forces the lever 8backwardly, thus raising the dogs 3 and 6 and causing the dog 3 to riseabove the ratchet-bar 2 and the dog 6 to engage the tooth of the ratchetnext to the tooth previously held by the dog As soon as the dog 3 hasrisen above the ratchet the latter is released and is impelled by itsimpelling-spring in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. at,carrying with it the dog 6 (which, as already stated, is pivoted to movehorizontally) until said dog is arrested by contact with a fixed stop 20on the arm of the machine. The movement of the carriage which is thuspermitted is equal to the length of one tooth of the ratchet-bar, whichgives one letter-space. Vhen the lever 8 is moved by another series ofkeys or space-bars arranged to give said lever its next longer movement,the second face 15 of the abutment 12 is moved into position to arrestthe dog 6 when it is depressed below the ratchet-bar, said dog beingthus given a movement to the width of two teeth and standing in suchposition that when it is raisedinto engagement with the ratchet-bar itwillengage the second tooth from the one held by the dog 3, the carriagebeing therefore given a movement equal to the length of two teeth of theratchet-bar 2 when released by the upward movement of the dog 3. WVhenthe lever 8 is given its longest movement in the direction indicated bythe arrow by the space-bar, hereinafter described, provided for thatpurpose, the face 16 of the abutment 12 is moved into position to arrestthe dog 6, which is thereby permitted to move a distance equal to thelength of three teeth from the dog 3, so that when the dog 6 risesitengages the third tooth from the last engaged by the dog 3 and permitsthe three-step movement of the carriage.

It will be seen that the described escapement constitutes at once asimple and effective means for producing a word-space simultaneouslywith the operation of a terminal letter-key and permits the spacing-barto be operated simultaneously with any type-key,

so that the operator is enabled by one move ment to print the lastletter of a word and cause the spacing movement of the papercarriage togive the required space between the said word and the next, the rapidityof operation of the machine, as compared with other standard machines,being thereby considerably increased.

In the organized machinehere shown we employ three levers 21, 22,and 23for giving the lever S and the escapement mechanism operated thereby thedescribed variable movements, the lever 21 being arranged to give thelever 8 its shortest forward movement, the lever 22 its next longerortwo-space movement, and the lever 23 its longest or threespacemovement. angular form shown in Fig. 2,each extending across and underthe key-levers and spacebar levers by which it is to be operated. Saidlevers are mounted to oscillate upon the pivot-bar 10, which is commonto them all, and each lever is provided With an upwardly-extending arm24, said arm bearing upon a cross-bar 25, formed on or attached to thelever 8, so that the depression of either lever 21 22 23 causes its arm24 to force the lever 8 forward in the direction indicated by the arrowin Fig. 4c.

\Ve have shown two series of type-keys. The keys 26 of one series areconnected with the key-levers A, which are arranged to bear upon thelever 21. Hence the depression of either key 26 will give the lever 8itsshortest or single-space movement. The keys 26 may be of any desirednumber, and the type-levers Said levers are of the rect- IIC B, to whichthey are connected, are preterably made as shown in Patent No. 365,372,granted to A. G.Donnelly June 27,1887, each having a plurality ofprinting characters on its swinging end and being adapted to bepartially rotated to bring either of its characters into operativeposition, means being providedsuch, for example, as are shown in saidpatentwhereby the operator can adjust said levers simultaneously, so asto bring either upper or lower case characters into position to print,thus enabling the same series of keys and type-levers to be used forupper and lower case characters. As each key 20 causes the printing ofbut a single character at a time, it is necessary that the depression ofeach of said keys shall give the carriage only a single-space movement.Hence said keys, as already described, are arranged to bear only on thelever 21, which, as stated, gives the escapement actuatinglever 8 itsshortest or one-space movement.

The other series of type-keys 27 are connected to type-levers, each ofwhich is pro vided with a plurality of characters arranged to beimpressed simultaneously upon the paper, said type-levers bearing, forexample, such combinations as es, ed, er, no, on, of, or, ng, at, an,as, in, is, it, th, and any other combination of letters which arecommonly used consecutively. As the characters on the typeleversoperated by the keys 27 require more space than the characters on thelevers operated by the keys 26, we have arranged the keys 27 to actuatethe lever 22, which gives the escapement operating lever 8 its twospacemovement, so that when either of the keys 27 is depressed and releasedthe carriage will be moved two spaces.

In connection with the two series of typekeys we employ two space-bars28 29, which are arranged to effect different spacing movements of thecarriage. The spacebar 28 is arranged to act on the lever 22, and givesa two-space movement; but the space-bar 29 is arranged to act on thelever 23, which gives the threespace movement.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the depression of the space-bar2S simultaneously with the depression of either of the keys 20 will givethe carriage a two-space movement, so that the operatorin printing thelast letter of the word may at the same time effect the movement whichcreates a space between said word and the next, thus avoiding the lossof time which is involved in making a separate movement to effect thespacing between words. In the same way the depression of the space-bar29 simultaneously with either of the keys 27 will effect the spacingbetween a word, the last two letters of which have been printed by oneof the double-type keys and the succeeding word.

Ve do not limit ourselves, so far as the capability of the machine forsimultaneous final letter printing and spacing is concerned, to thearrangement of two-space and threespace mechanism here shown anddescribed, as, if desired, the machine may contain only one series ofkeys and the accompanying space-bar instead of two series of keys andtwo-space bars; or, if desired, the machine may have more than twoseries of keys and more than two-space bars, although such anarrangement is not believed to be desirable, because involving too greatcomplication.

An important feature of our invention is the arrangement of thespace-bars so that every type-key of the key-board controlling aterminal. letter will be in such close proximity to a space-bar that aword-spacing movement can be effected without moving the hand from theposition occupied in depressing any type-key to print a terminal letter.In other words, the space-bar and key may be struck simultaneously andwith the fingers of one hand. A suitable arrangement for this purpose isshown in Fig. 2, in which two spacebars 28 29 are located at oppositesides of two rows of keys, said space-bars extending in the direction ofthe greatest length of the keyboard. Another arrangement is shown inFig. 5, in which a series of rows of connected keys 28 are employed,each row being attached to a lever, which communicates the desiredspacing movements to the escapement mechanism. Said rows of keys,'whicheonstitnte the equivalents of space-bars, are arranged crosswise ot thekey-board, each of said rows of keys or space-bars being separated fromthe next by two rows of type-keys.

It will be seen that either of these arrange ments permits thedepression of a space-bar without removing the hand from the position itoccupies in depressing any type-key, so that no pause or delay isrequired in producing a word-space, as there would be if a movement ofthe hand from the key of a terminal letter to a space-bar were required,or if the arrangement were such that the word-spacing movement could notbe produced by the hand that is in position to depress theterminal-letter key.

This improvement relating to the key-board of a type-writer may be usedin connection with any suitable escapement mechanism, and each of thetwo space-bars 28 and 29 (shown in Fig. 2) may be adapted to produce thesame spacing movement that is produced by the other, instead ofbeingadapted, as here shown, to produce different spacing movements. Inthe example shown in Fig. 5 the keys 2S, substituted for the space-bars,are all arranged to produce the same effect that is produced by thespace-bar 28 of Fig. .2

to a space-bar the convenience of the machine and the possibility ofrapid operation are increased.

We do not limit ourselves in all cases to the interposition of aspace-bar between the two rows of type-keys, as a similar result may beobtained by employing two space-bars located at opposite sides of thekey-board and both outside of the space in which the keys are arranged,as shown in Fig.15, both spacebars being in this case arranged to givethe same spacing movement. The advantage of this arrangement over theuse of the single space-bar located at the side of the key-board nearestthe operator is the superior convenience it affords in spacing when thelast letter of the word is printed by the depression of a key in theupper row, or the one farthest from the operator.

The paper-carrying roll D, which we have here shown, is of peculiarconstruction, the same forming a part of our invention. Said roll iscomposed of an inner cylindrical section 30, which is internallyscrew-threaded for a portion of its length, and is engaged with aquick-thread screw-shaft 31, hereinafter referred to, a middle section32, of wood or other suitable material, surrounding the section 30, saidsection 32 being adapted to be rotated on the section 30, and, withoutrotating the latter, to feed the paper endwise, and

thus form the spaces between lines, and an outer or inolosing section33, of rubber or other suitable material, preferably of asomewhat'yielding nature, to sustain the impact of the type, althoughsaid inclosing-section 33 may be rigid, if preferred, or may have anydesired degree of yielding quality. The inner section 30 has its endsreduced and formed as bearings 34 34, which are journaled in socketsformed in the swinging arms 35 35 of the carriage, said arms beingmounted both to slide arid to oscillate on a guide-rod 36, which ismounted in bearings 37 37, affixed to the frame of the machine. Thescrew-shaft 31 is fitted to rotate in bearings formed in arms'38 38,which are affixed to the guide 36, and are adapted to oscillate so thatthe screwshaft and the roll D thereon can be raised or lowered, asusual, to permit the inspection of the work. The screw-shaft 31 istubular and contains a spiral spring 39, one end of which is attached toan ear 40, formed on one of the arms 38, while the other end is attachedto the screw-shaft in any suitable way, preferably by means of a plug41, inserted in one end of the screw-shaft and rigidly attached thereto,said plug having a groove in one side which receives one end of thespring 39, as shown in Fig. 13. This arrangement of the spring gives ita constant tendency to rotate the screw-shaft 31 in the directionrequired to cause the quick screw-threads thereon, by their engagementwith the internally threaded section of the roll, to impel the roll inthe direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 13, thus giving the paperthe feed movement to form the letterand word spaces when ever theescapement is operated to release the carriage, as already described.The spring is of course partially unwound during the printing of eachline and is rewound by the return movement of the carriage to itsstarting position, the screw-thread connection between the inner sectionof the roll and the shaft 31 causing said shaft to be rotated backwardlywhen the carriage and roll are being moved to their starting positionbythe operator after the printing of each line. The section 32 of theroll, as already described, is adapted to rotate upon and independentlyof the section 30, so that the periphery of the roll can be rotated tomove the paper to form the spaces between lines without rotating the inner section 30, it being obviously necessary that the section 30 shouldremain at rest while the paper is being moved forward, because therotation of the section 30 necessarily involves the endwise movement ofthe roll upon the screw-shaft 31.

To the sections 32 and 33 is aflixed a spurwheel 42, the teeth of whichare formed to be engaged by a dog 43, which is pivoted to a lever 44,the latter being pivoted at to one of the oscillating arms 35 of thecarriage. The dog 43 is held by a spring 46 against the periphery of thespur-wheel 42, and when the lever 44 is depressed said dog by itsengagement with the spur-wheel rotates the roll D in the directionrequired to carry the paper forward to form the spaces between'thelines.

47 represents a detent-dog, which is pivoted at 48 to an ear on one ofthe arms 35 and is held by a spring 49 in contact with the periphery ofthe spur-wheel 42. Said dog 47 prevents loose or idle rotation of theroll D in either direction, as usual in machines of this class.

By reference to Fig. 14 it will be seen that the handle ends of the dogs43 and 47 are located in close proximity to each other, so that both canbe moved simultaneously by the operators thumb in the direction requiredto disengage said dogs from the spur-wheel 42, thus enabling the roll Dto be rotated freely in either direction.

It will be seen that by the employment of the quick thread-screw and theimpellingspring therefor arranged to be wound by each return movement ofthe carriage the means for impelling the carriage are reduced to acompact form and the machine as a whole is considerably simplified. 7 7

Te do not wish to be understood as claiming herein, broadly, thecombination,with the substantially parallel proximate rows of keys, ofspace-keys operating to feed the carriage a greater distance than saidcharacter-keys and arranged in proximity to each row of the latter.

WVe claim- 1. In a type-Writer, the combination, with the key-boardcomposed of a series of substantially parallel proximate rows of keys,of space-bars or their specified equivalents operating to feed thecarriage a greater distance than said keys, said space-bars being interposed between the rows of keys and in proximity to each of the latter,whereby any ter minal letter and the space-bar adjacent there to may besimultaneously depressed by a single movement of one of the operatorshands to print said letter and give the word-space, substantially asdescribed.

2. In a typewriter, the combination, with the paper-carriage having avariable escapement-feed and independent series of key-le verscontrolling said feed, whereby the carriage is moved a greater or lessdistance, of independent word-space bars for each of said independentseries of key-levers and each operating to move the escapement-feed agreater distance than any of its particular series of key-levers,whereby a key-lever of any series and its word-space bar may be operatedsimultaneously to print the character and give a word-space,substantially as described.

3. In a type-writer, the combination, with the paper-carriage havingvariable escapement-feed, of two series of key-levers, one for singlecharacters and operating to feed the escapement a single space and theother for more than one character and operating to feed the escapementmore than one space, and two-word space-bars, one for each series ofkey-levers and each operating to give the escapement a greater feed thanany of its series of key-levers, whereby any of either set of key-leversand its space-bar may be operated simultaneously to print the charactersand give a word-space, substantially as described.

a. In a type-writer, the combination, with the paper-carriage having aratehetbar, two spacing-dogs movable crosswise of said bar, one of saiddogs being movable lengthwise thereof to feed the carriage forward, andthe key-levers, of a movable stop for limiting the movement of the doglengthwise of the bar, an arm or lever operated by the key-levers andcontrolling the crosswise movement of the dogs, and a connection betweensaid arm and the movable stop, whereby the stop is adjusted by themovement of the dog-controlling arm or lever, substantially asdescribed.

5. In a type-writer, the combination, with the paper-carriage having aratchet-bar, two spacing-dogs movable crosswise of said bar, one of saiddogs being movable lengthwise thereof to feed the carriage forward, andtwo series of key-levers for one oi more characters requiring differentspacing, of a movable stop for limiting the movement of the doglengthwise of the bar, an arm or lever operated by said key-levers andgiven a greater throw by one series than by the other, and a connectionbetween said arm or lever and the movable stop, whereby the feed maybeproperly gaged by the operation of the key-levers of either series,substantially as described.

6. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a paper-carriage havinga ratchet-bar, two spacing-dogs 3 and 6, both of which are movablecrosswise of said bar, one of said dogs being movable lengthwisethereof, a piw oted arm, as 12, having a series of faces andconstituting a movable stop or abutment, against which theindependeutly-movable dog is forced by a spring when said dog isdisengaged from the ratchet-bar, an oscillatory lever S,connectedbyintermediate devices with the typekeys and space bar or bars of themachine, and by a link 9 with the dog 3, and a rod or link 17,connecting the lever S with the stop-arm 12, as set forth.

7. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage, a variableescapement-having a stop adapted by its position to determine thespacing movements caused by the operation of the escapement, a lever 8,connected with said stop and controlling the position thereof, and aseries of independent levers, as 21, 22, and 23, arranged to operatesaid lever 8 independently, said levers being operated by the type-keysand space bar or bars of the machine, as set forth.

8. A paper-supporting roll composed of inner and outer tubular sections,the latter being adapted to rotate independently, the inner sectionhaving an internal screw-thread, combined with a quick-thread tubularscrew-shaft passing through the roll, and a spring attached at one endto said shaft and at the other end to a non-rotating support,wherebysaid spring is caused to rotate the shaft, and thereby impel thecarriage, as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 17th day of February, A.D. 1890.

PETER MESIGK. ALBERT E. AYER. Witnesses:

EWING W. I IAMLEN, ARTHUR W. CRossLnY.

